Oracle Staging Environment

Introduction

Efficient performance of the Oracle Database server is crucial for the optimal functioning of the enov8 Test Data Management (TDM) Tool. This document outlines the standard configurations required for an Oracle Database staging server and provides a comprehensive set of troubleshooting steps for Database Administrators (DBAs) to ensure that the database aligns with these standards and operates at peak efficiency.

Disclaimer

This documentation is written for Oracle Database versions 19c and 21c, specifically for use in staging environments. The configurations and SQL queries provided are recommendations based on typical staging setups and may not be suitable for all environments. It is essential to evaluate these recommendations in the context of your specific staging environment and requirements. Consult with your organization's database administrators and Oracle support for guidance tailored to your specific needs.

1. Standard Database Server Configuration

1.1 Hardware Requirements

The hardware requirements should scale based on the size of the database and the volume of data being masked. Below is a comprehensive guideline for CPU, memory, disk, and network:

CPU

Cores: Start with 4-6 cores, add 2 core per 1 TB of data.
Example:
- For a 1 TB database: 4 cores.
- For a 5 TB database: 12 cores.

Memory (RAM)

Base Requirement: Start with 16 GB, add 16 GB per 1 TB of data.
Example:
- For a 1 TB database: 16 GB of RAM.
- For a 5 TB database: 80 GB of RAM.

Disk

Type: Use SSDs for optimal performance, especially for I/O-intensive operations.
Capacity: Ensure sufficient storage for data, logs, and backups.
IOPS: Minimum of 10,000 IOPS for SSDs; 300 IOPS for HDDs.
Example:
- For a 1 TB database: 2 TB of SSD storage.

Network

Bandwidth: At least 1 Gbps network interface card (NIC).
Latency: Low-latency network connections to minimize delays.

1.2 System-Level Database Optimizations

Optimizing for Bulk Data Masking

Disable Archive Logging During Masking:
- Purpose: Reduces I/O overhead by not writing redo logs to archive logs.
- Implementation:
```
-- As SYSDBA
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE NOARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
```

Adjust Undo Management:

Purpose: Minimize the generation of undo data.

Implementation:

ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_RETENTION = 300 SCOPE=MEMORY SID='*'; -- Set to 5 minutes

Disable Supplemental Logging:
- Purpose: Reduces overhead if supplemental logging is not required during the masking process.
- Implementation:
```
ALTER DATABASE DROP SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
```

Disable Triggers and Constraints (if applicable):

Purpose: Improves performance by preventing additional processing.

Implementation:

-- Disable all triggers
BEGIN
  FOR t IN (SELECT OWNER, TRIGGER_NAME FROM DBA_TRIGGERS WHERE OWNER = 'YOUR_SCHEMA') LOOP
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TRIGGER ' || t.OWNER || '.' || t.TRIGGER_NAME || ' DISABLE';
  END LOOP;
END;
/

-- Re-enable triggers after masking
BEGIN
  FOR t IN (SELECT OWNER, TRIGGER_NAME FROM DBA_TRIGGERS WHERE OWNER = 'YOUR_SCHEMA') LOOP
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER TRIGGER ' || t.OWNER || '.' || t.TRIGGER_NAME || ' ENABLE';
  END LOOP;
END;
/

Other Operating System Configurations

Filesystem: Use Oracle ASM or high-performance filesystems like XFS (Linux) for database files.
Kernel Parameters (Linux):

Parameter Recommended Setting
kernel.shmmax Half of physical memory (e.g., 16 GB for a 32 GB system)
kernel.sem 250 32000 100 128
User Limits (Linux):

Limit Recommended Setting
Open Files (nofile) 65536
Max Processes (nproc) 16384

Parameter	Recommended Setting
`kernel.shmmax`	Half of physical memory (e.g., `16 GB` for a `32 GB` system)
`kernel.sem`	`250 32000 100 128`

Limit	Recommended Setting
Open Files (`nofile`)	65536
Max Processes (`nproc`)	16384

1.3 Oracle Database Internal Configuration

Memory Management

Parameters:
- MEMORY_TARGET: 60-80% of total RAM (e.g., 48 GB on a 64 GB system)
- MEMORY_MAX_TARGET: Equal to or greater than MEMORY_TARGET

Implementation:

ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_TARGET=48G SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_MAX_TARGET=48G SCOPE=SPFILE;

Purpose: Ensures sufficient memory allocation for SGA and PGA to handle large queries efficiently.

Process and Session Parameters

Parameters:
- PROCESSES: Calculate based on expected concurrent sessions (e.g., 1000)
- SESSIONS: PROCESSES * 1.1 + 5 (e.g., 1105)

Implementation:

ALTER SYSTEM SET PROCESSES=1000 SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET SESSIONS=1105 SCOPE=SPFILE;

Purpose: Accommodates the expected number of concurrent connections during the masking process.

Optimizer Settings

Parameter:
- OPTIMIZER_MODE: ALL_ROWS

Implementation:

ALTER SYSTEM SET OPTIMIZER_MODE='ALL_ROWS' SCOPE=SPFILE;

Purpose: Optimizes execution plans for batch operations common in data masking.

Redo Logs

Configuration:

Create Redo Log Groups:

ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo01.log') SIZE 2G;
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo02.log') SIZE 2G;
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo03.log') SIZE 2G;

Add Members to Redo Log Groups:

ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo01b.log' TO GROUP 1;
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo02b.log' TO GROUP 2;
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo03b.log' TO GROUP 3;

Purpose: Ensures smooth log switching and reduces bottlenecks during heavy DML operations.

Tablespace Configuration

Bigfile Tablespaces:
- Purpose: Simplifies management and improves performance for large databases.
- Implementation:
```
CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE big_tbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/big_tbs01.dbf'
SIZE 10G
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 1G
MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
```
- Considerations: Ensure storage can handle large files efficiently.
Automatic Segment Space Management (ASSM):
- Purpose: Automates free space management, reducing manual intervention.
- Implementation:
```
CREATE TABLESPACE assm_tbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/assm_tbs01.dbf'
SIZE 5G
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
```
- Benefits: Reduces contention for free space, beneficial in high DML environments.
Extent Management:
- Locally Managed Tablespaces (LMT): Use uniform extent sizes to improve performance.
```
CREATE TABLESPACE lmt_tbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lmt_tbs01.dbf'
SIZE 5G
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;
```
- Purpose: Reduces fragmentation and improves space allocation efficiency.
Temporary Tablespace:
- Purpose: Used for sorting operations and temporary data storage.
- Configuration:
```
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_tbs
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/temp_tbs01.dbf'
SIZE 20G
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 1G
MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
```
- Considerations: Ensure adequate sizing for large sort operations.
Monitoring and Maintenance:
- Regular Monitoring: Use Oracle Enterprise Manager or scripts to monitor usage and growth.
- Reclaiming Space: Use the SHRINK command to reclaim unused space.
```
ALTER TABLESPACE big_tbs SHRINK SPACE;
```
- Alerts: Set up usage threshold alerts to manage space proactively.

1.4 Network Configuration

Oracle Net Services:
- Optimize sqlnet.ora and listener.ora for performance.
- Adjust Session Data Unit (SDU) size if necessary.
Connection Protocols:
- Use Dedicated Server Mode for heavy processing.

1.5 Security and Patch Management

Patching:
- Regularly apply the latest Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) and Patch Set Updates (PSUs).
Security Parameters:
- REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE: EXCLUSIVE
- SQL92_SECURITY: TRUE
Purpose: Ensure security and compliance with organizational policies.

2. Troubleshooting Steps for DBAs

When experiencing performance issues with the TDM masking tool, the following steps can help identify and resolve common problems.

2.1 Verify Hardware and OS Configuration

Check CPU and Memory

Purpose: Ensure hardware meets specifications.
Commands:
- Linux:
```
lscpu
```
- Memory:
```
free -h
```
Verification: Confirm CPU and memory align with requirements.

Disk I/O Performance

Purpose: Ensure disk I/O supports data masking operations.
Commands:
```
iostat -x 1 5
```

Expected Output:

Device:         rrqm/s wrqm/s   r/s   w/s  rkB/s  wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm  %util
sda               0.00   0.00  10.00 20.00  5120   10240   512.00    0.05   2.00  0.50   1.50

Verification: The %util column should ideally be below 80%. High utilization or consistent high values in the %util column indicate potential disk I/O bottlenecks. Ensure your storage can meet the required IOPS to handle the demands of masking operations efficiently.

Kernel Parameters (Linux)

Purpose: Confirm that the system kernel parameters are set as per the recommendations.
Commands:
```
sysctl -a | grep -E 'shmmax|sem'
```

Expected Output:

kernel.shmmax = 17179869184
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

Verification: Ensure kernel.shmmax is set to at least half of the physical memory and kernel.sem matches the recommended settings.

User Limits (Linux)

Purpose: Ensure that the Oracle user has appropriate resource limits.
Commands:
```
ulimit -a
```

Expected Output:

open files                      (-n) 65536
max user processes              (-u) 16384

Verification: Confirm that nofile and nproc values meet or exceed the recommended settings.

2.2 Validate Oracle Initialization Parameters

Memory Settings

Purpose: Verify that the database memory settings are configured correctly to handle large operations.

Commands:

SHOW PARAMETER MEMORY_TARGET;
SHOW PARAMETER MEMORY_MAX_TARGET;

Expected Output:

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------
memory_max_target                    big integer 48G
memory_target                        big integer 48G

Verification: Ensure that MEMORY_TARGET and MEMORY_MAX_TARGET are set to appropriate values (e.g., 48 GB on a system with 64 GB RAM).

Process and Session Parameters

Purpose: Ensure that the database can handle the expected number of sessions and processes.

Commands:

SHOW PARAMETER PROCESSES;
SHOW PARAMETER SESSIONS;

Expected Output:

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------
processes                            integer     1000
sessions                             integer     1105

Verification: Confirm that PROCESSES and SESSIONS are set as per the calculations.

Optimizer Mode

Purpose: Ensure that the optimizer is configured for efficient execution of bulk operations.
Commands:
```
SHOW PARAMETER OPTIMIZER_MODE;
```

Expected Output:

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------
optimizer_mode                       string      ALL_ROWS

Verification: The VALUE should be ALL_ROWS.

Redo Log Configuration

Purpose: Confirm that redo logs are configured to prevent performance issues during heavy DML operations.

Commands:

SELECT GROUP#, BYTES/1024/1024 AS SIZE_MB, STATUS FROM V$LOG;

Expected Output:

 GROUP#   SIZE_MB   STATUS
-------   -------   ------------
     1     2048     ACTIVE
     2     2048     INACTIVE
     3     2048     INACTIVE

Verification: Ensure that there are multiple groups and that each log file is appropriately sized (e.g., 2 GB).

Undo Tablespace

Purpose: Ensure that the undo tablespace is properly configured to handle transactions without unnecessary overhead.

Commands:

SHOW PARAMETER UNDO_MANAGEMENT;
SHOW PARAMETER UNDO_RETENTION;

Expected Output:

NAME                  TYPE        VALUE
--------------------- ----------- -------
undo_management       string      AUTO
undo_retention        integer     300

Verification: UNDO_MANAGEMENT should be AUTO, and UNDO_RETENTION should be set as per the performance considerations (e.g., 300 seconds).

2.3 Assess Database Performance

Generate AWR Reports

Purpose: Identify performance bottlenecks.
Commands:
```
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql
```
Verification: Review the report for high wait events, top SQL queries consuming resources, and recommendations.

Review ADDM Findings

Purpose: Utilize Oracle's Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor for performance insights.
Commands:
- Access ADDM reports via Oracle Enterprise Manager or use the following:
```
SELECT DBMS_ADVISOR.get_task_report('ADDM_TASK', 'TEXT', 'ALL') FROM DUAL;
```
Verification: Look for identified issues and recommended actions.

2.4 Check Session and Query Performance

Identify Active Sessions

Purpose: Find sessions currently executing to determine if any are causing performance issues.

Commands:

SELECT SID, SERIAL#, STATUS, USERNAME, OSUSER, MACHINE
FROM V$SESSION
WHERE STATUS = 'ACTIVE';

Expected Output:

 SID   SERIAL#   STATUS   USERNAME   OSUSER   MACHINE
----   -------   ------   --------   ------   -------
 123     4567    ACTIVE   APP_USER   oracle   dbserver1
 124     8910    ACTIVE   APP_USER   oracle   dbserver1

Verification: Check for an unusually high number of active sessions or any sessions that have been active for an extended period.

Monitor Long-Running Queries

Purpose: Identify queries consuming excessive resources.

Commands:

SELECT SID, SQL_ID, ELAPSED_TIME/1000000 AS ELAPSED_SECONDS
FROM V$SQL_MONITOR
ORDER BY ELAPSED_TIME DESC;

Expected Output:

 SID   SQL_ID        ELAPSED_SECONDS
----   ------------- ---------------
 123   abcdefghijklm   3600
 124   nopqrstuvwxyz   1800

Verification: Investigate queries with high ELAPSED_SECONDS values.

Review Execution Plans

Purpose: Determine if inefficient execution plans are causing performance issues.

Commands:

SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('<SQL_ID>'));

Verification: Look for full table scans or other costly operations that could be optimized.

2.5 Evaluate Storage and Space Usage

Check Tablespace Utilization

Purpose: Ensure that tablespaces have sufficient free space.

Commands:

SELECT
  TABLESPACE_NAME,
  ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024,2) AS TOTAL_MB,
  ROUND(SUM(FREE_SPACE)/1024/1024,2) AS FREE_MB
FROM
  DBA_TABLESPACE_USAGE_METRICS
GROUP BY
  TABLESPACE_NAME;

Expected Output:

TABLESPACE_NAME   TOTAL_MB   FREE_MB
---------------   --------   -------
USERS              20480      10240
TEMP               10240       5120

Verification: Confirm that FREE_MB is sufficient for ongoing operations.

2.6 Review Statistics and Indexes

Ensure Statistics are Up-to-Date

Purpose: Outdated statistics can lead to suboptimal execution plans.

Commands:

EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DATABASE_STATS(ESTIMATE_PERCENT => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE);

Verification: Confirm that statistics have been recently gathered.

Analyze Index Usage

Purpose: Identify unused or inefficient indexes.

Commands:

SELECT
  OBJECT_NAME,
  INDEX_NAME,
  MONITORING,
  USED
FROM
  V$OBJECT_USAGE
WHERE
  USED = 'NO';

Expected Output:

OBJECT_NAME   INDEX_NAME    MONITORING   USED
-----------   ----------    ----------   ----
EMPLOYEES     EMP_IDX       YES          NO

Verification: Consider dropping or rebuilding unused indexes.

2.7 Network Diagnostics

Check Listener Status

Purpose: Ensure that the database listener is operational.
Commands:
```
lsnrctl status
```

Expected Output:

STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0
Start Date                01-JAN-2024 08:00:00
Uptime                    0 days 4 hr. 30 min. 0 sec
...

Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbserver1)(PORT=1521)))

Verification: Confirm that the listener is running and listening on the correct ports.

Test Connectivity

Purpose: Verify that clients can connect to the database.
Commands:
```
tnsping <service_name>
```

Expected Output:

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2024 12:30:00

Used parameter files:
/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbserver1)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ORCL)))
OK (20 msec)

Verification: Ensure that the connection attempt is successful (OK).

2.8 Verify Security and Patch Levels

Check Applied Patches

Purpose: Ensure that the database is up-to-date with patches.
Commands:
```
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
```

Expected Output:

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 19.0.0.0.0
...

List of Patch IDs:

12345678
87654321
...

OPatch succeeded.

Verification: Confirm that the latest patches are applied as per Oracle's recommendations.

2.9 Application Interaction

Confirm Connection Management

Purpose: Ensure the application uses connection pooling to optimize resource usage.
Verification:
- Review application configuration settings for connection pooling parameters.
Monitor Application Sessions
```
SELECT SID, SERIAL#, USERNAME, STATUS
FROM V$SESSION
WHERE USERNAME = 'APP_USER';
```
- Expected Output: A reasonable number of sessions corresponding to the connection pool size.

2.10 System Resource Monitoring

Monitor CPU and Memory Usage

Purpose: Detect system-level resource bottlenecks.
Commands:
- Linux:
```
top
```
- Verification: Check for high CPU or memory usage by Oracle processes.

Check Swap Usage

Purpose: Ensure minimal swap usage.
Commands:
```
swapon -s
```
Verification: Confirm minimal swap usage.

3. Database Permissions

The following table outlines the specific database permissions required for the Enov8 Test Data Management (TDM) Tool to function properly with Oracle Database. Please ensure that the database user account used by the TDM tool has the appropriate permissions.

Privilege	Scope	Description	Used By
CREATE SESSION	Global	Allows the user to connect to the Oracle database and create sessions.	All
CREATE ANY TABLE	Global	Allows creating tables in any schema within the database.	Masking
SELECT ANY TABLE	Global	Allows reading data from any table in any schema for profiling, validation, and masking operations.	Profile, Masking, Validation
INSERT ANY TABLE	Global	Allows inserting rows into any table in any schema during masking operations.	Masking
UPDATE ANY TABLE	Global	Allows updating column values in any table in any schema during masking operations.	Masking
DELETE ANY TABLE	Global	Allows deletion of rows from any table in any schema during masking operations.	Masking
ALTER ANY TABLE	Global	Allows modifications to table structures in any schema for temporary masking columns and constraints.	Masking
DROP ANY TABLE	Global	Allows dropping tables in any schema and enables cleanup of temporary tables and structures.	Masking
CREATE ANY INDEX	Global	Allows creating indexes on any table in any schema for performance optimization.	Masking
ALTER ANY INDEX	Global	Allows modifying indexes (INVISIBLE/VISIBLE, REBUILD, UNUSABLE) for performance optimization.	Masking
DROP ANY INDEX	Global	Allows dropping indexes in any schema during index management operations.	Masking
ALTER ANY TRIGGER	Global	Allows enabling/disabling triggers on any table in any schema during masking operations.	Masking
CREATE JOB	Global	Required for DBMS_PARALLEL_EXECUTE operations for chunked parallel processing.	Masking (Parallel Processing)
ALTER SESSION	Session	Required for modifying session parameters (NLS_DATE_FORMAT, skip_unusable_indexes).	All
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON USERS	Tablespace	Grants unlimited storage quota on the USERS tablespace for creating and storing database objects.	Masking
EXECUTE ON DBMS_PARALLEL_EXECUTE	System Package	Required for parallel execution of update operations using Oracle's parallel framework.	Masking (Parallel Processing)
EXECUTE ON DBMS_METADATA	System Package	Required for generating DDL statements for tables, indexes, and constraints.	Masking, Forensic Scan
SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE	System Role	Provides comprehensive read access to data dictionary views and system catalog information.	All
SELECT ON ALL_TABLES	System View	Required for accessing table metadata, row counts, and compression information.	All
SELECT ON ALL_TAB_COLUMNS	System View	Required for accessing column metadata, data types, and column properties.	All
SELECT ON ALL_TAB_COLS	System View	Required for accessing virtual column information and generated column details.	All
SELECT ON ALL_CONSTRAINTS	System View	Required for accessing constraint information (primary keys, foreign keys, unique constraints).	All, Forensic Scan
SELECT ON ALL_CONS_COLUMNS	System View	Required for accessing constraint column mappings and relationships.	All, Forensic Scan
SELECT ON ALL_INDEXES	System View	Required for accessing index metadata and management operations.	All, Masking
SELECT ON ALL_IND_COLUMNS	System View	Required for accessing index column information for index management.	All, Masking
SELECT ON ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS	System View	Required for accessing function-based index information.	Masking
SELECT ON ALL_TRIGGERS	System View	Required for accessing trigger metadata and management operations.	All, Masking
SELECT ON ALL_USERS	System View	Required for checking schema existence and user validation.	All
SELECT ON ALL_MVIEWS	System View	Required for filtering out materialized views from table lists.	All
SELECT ON ALL_EXTERNAL_TABLES	System View	Required for filtering out external tables from processing.	All
SELECT ON ALL_TAB_MODIFICATIONS	System View	Required for getting last modification timestamps for forensic analysis.	Forensic Scan
SELECT ON DBA_USERS	System View	Required for counting database users and accessing system user information.	Forensic Scan
SELECT ON DBA_SEGMENTS	System View	Required for calculating database size and space usage statistics.	Forensic Scan
SELECT ON USER_TAB_COLS	System View	Required for accessing column collation information and user-owned column metadata.	All
SELECT ON USER_SYS_PRIVS	System View	Required for checking user system privileges (CREATE JOB privilege verification).	Masking (Privilege Checking)
SELECT ON USER_TAB_PRIVS	System View	Required for checking table-level privileges on system packages.	Masking (Privilege Checking)
SELECT ON USER_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_TASKS	System View	Required for managing parallel execution tasks and cleanup operations.	Masking (Parallel Processing)
SELECT ON USER_PARALLEL_EXECUTE_CHUNKS	System View	Required for monitoring parallel execution progress and error handling.	Masking (Parallel Processing)
SELECT ON USER_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS	System View	Required for checking parallel execution job errors and status.	Masking (Parallel Processing)
SELECT ON USER_CONSTRAINTS	System View	Required for constraint dependency checking and foreign key relationships.	Masking
SELECT ON ROLE_SYS_PRIVS	System View	Required for checking role-based system privileges.	Masking (Privilege Checking)
SELECT ON SESSION_ROLES	System View	Required for checking current session roles for privilege verification.	Masking (Privilege Checking)
SELECT ON V$VERSION	Dynamic Performance View	Required for getting database version information for feature compatibility.	All
SELECT ON V$INSTANCE	Dynamic Performance View	Required for getting database instance version for feature support checking.	All
SELECT ON NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS	System View	Required for accessing session NLS parameters for date format handling.	All

Oracle Staging Environment

Introduction​

1. Standard Database Server Configuration​

1.1 Hardware Requirements​

CPU​

Memory (RAM)​

Disk​

Network​

1.2 System-Level Database Optimizations​

Optimizing for Bulk Data Masking​

Other Operating System Configurations​

1.3 Oracle Database Internal Configuration​

Memory Management​

Process and Session Parameters​

Optimizer Settings​

Redo Logs​

Tablespace Configuration​

1.4 Network Configuration​

1.5 Security and Patch Management​

2. Troubleshooting Steps for DBAs​

2.1 Verify Hardware and OS Configuration​

Check CPU and Memory​

Disk I/O Performance​

Kernel Parameters (Linux)​

User Limits (Linux)​

2.2 Validate Oracle Initialization Parameters​

Memory Settings​

Process and Session Parameters​

Optimizer Mode​

Redo Log Configuration​

Undo Tablespace​

2.3 Assess Database Performance​

Generate AWR Reports​

Review ADDM Findings​

2.4 Check Session and Query Performance​

Identify Active Sessions​

Monitor Long-Running Queries​

Review Execution Plans​

2.5 Evaluate Storage and Space Usage​

Check Tablespace Utilization​

2.6 Review Statistics and Indexes​

Ensure Statistics are Up-to-Date​

Analyze Index Usage​

2.7 Network Diagnostics​

Check Listener Status​

Test Connectivity​

2.8 Verify Security and Patch Levels​

Check Applied Patches​

2.9 Application Interaction​

Confirm Connection Management​

2.10 System Resource Monitoring​

Monitor CPU and Memory Usage​

Check Swap Usage​

3. Database Permissions​

Introduction

1. Standard Database Server Configuration

1.1 Hardware Requirements

CPU

Memory (RAM)

Disk

Network

1.2 System-Level Database Optimizations

Optimizing for Bulk Data Masking

Other Operating System Configurations

1.3 Oracle Database Internal Configuration

Memory Management

Process and Session Parameters

Optimizer Settings

Redo Logs

Tablespace Configuration

1.4 Network Configuration

1.5 Security and Patch Management

2. Troubleshooting Steps for DBAs

2.1 Verify Hardware and OS Configuration

Check CPU and Memory

Disk I/O Performance

Kernel Parameters (Linux)

User Limits (Linux)

2.2 Validate Oracle Initialization Parameters

Memory Settings

Process and Session Parameters

Optimizer Mode

Redo Log Configuration

Undo Tablespace

2.3 Assess Database Performance

Generate AWR Reports

Review ADDM Findings

2.4 Check Session and Query Performance

Identify Active Sessions

Monitor Long-Running Queries

Review Execution Plans

2.5 Evaluate Storage and Space Usage

Check Tablespace Utilization

2.6 Review Statistics and Indexes

Ensure Statistics are Up-to-Date

Analyze Index Usage

2.7 Network Diagnostics

Check Listener Status

Test Connectivity

2.8 Verify Security and Patch Levels

Check Applied Patches

2.9 Application Interaction

Confirm Connection Management

2.10 System Resource Monitoring

Monitor CPU and Memory Usage

Check Swap Usage

3. Database Permissions